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25 Credit Scoring Terms You Need to Know

1 - Charge Off – An unpaid portion of a bill that a lender has accepted will never be paid and has recorded on their books as bad debt. It is a serious negative item to have your credit report.

2 - Bankruptcy – A legal proceeding designed to help people in financial difficulty get a fresh start by relieving them from having to pay their current debts. A bankruptcy is an extremely negative item to have on your credit report and it usually will remain on it for 10 years.

3 - Algorithm – A complex mathematical model. It is used to compare data in millions of credit reports and predict the likeliness of an individual to pay back their debts.

4 - Collection – A creditor’s attempt to recover a past due payment by turning the account over to a collection agency or department. Having a debt in collection is a negative item on your credit report.

5 - Credit Bureau – A credit-reporting agency that is used as a clearinghouse for information on the credit rating of individuals or firms. Often called a consumer-reporting agency, the three largest credit bureaus in the U.S. are Equifax, Experian and TransUnion.

 

6 - Credit History – A record of a person’s use of credit over time.

7 - Delinquent – A designation on a credit report that a person hasn’t made the minimum payment on a loan or credit card on time. Delinquencies are usually shown as being 30, 60, 90 or 120 days delinquent on a credit report. Delinquencies are a serious negative item to have on your credit report.

8 - Default – A designation on a credit report that indicates a person has not paid a debt that was owed. Accounts usually are listed as being in default after several reports of delinquency. Defaults are a serious negative item to have on your credit report.

9 - Credit Report – A document containing financial information about a person focusing on their payment history, such as a mortgage, car payment, utilities and credit cards. It also includes current balances on outstanding debts, available credit, public records such as bankruptcies and inquiries (how many times your credit was pulled).

10 - Credit Limit – The most amounts that can be charged on a credit card or to a credit line.

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11 - Credit Risk – The measure of a person’s creditworthiness. People who are more likely to repay their debts on time are considered a better risk by lenders and will be charged lower interest rates for borrowing money from lenders.

12 - Debt to Available Credit Ratio – The amount of money a person has in outstanding debt, compared to the amount of available credit available on all of the individual’s credit cards and credit lines. The higher a person’s debt to available credit ratio, the more risky the individual appears to potential lenders.